Study of More Than 600 Animal and Plant Species Finds Genetic Diversity Has Declined Globally

Genetic diversity in animals and plants has declined globally over the past three decades, an analysis of more than 600 species has found. The research, published in the journal Nature, found declines in two-thirds of the populations studied, but noted that urgent conservation efforts could halt or even reverse genetic diversity losses. Dozens of scientists internationally reviewed 882 studies that measured genetic diversity changes between 1985 and 2019 in 628 species of animals, plants, fungi and chromists (a type of organism), forming what they have called “the most comprehensive investigation” of changes in genetic diversity within species to date.

The study’s lead researcher, Assoc Prof Catherine Grueber of the University of Sydney, said within-species diversity — referring to the variation between individuals of the same species — enabled a population to better adapt to changes in its environment. “If a new disease comes through, or there’s a heatwave, there may be some individuals in the population that have certain characteristics that enable them to tolerate those new conditions,” she said. “Those characteristics will get passed on to the next generation, and the population will persist instead of going extinct.”